# E30-style sedan: suspension hardpoints and geometry

> Complete suspension hardpoints and kinematic results for the e30-style sedan example in opensus: camber, caster, roll center, anti-dive, motion ratio and ride frequency.

MacPherson front, semi-trailing arm rear, rear drive. Representative numbers, not factory data. The numbers are representative of this kind of car, not measured from a real one: use them as a starting point and to learn the tool.

## Vehicle

| | |
|---|--:|
| Total mass | 1280 kg |
| Wheelbase | 2570 mm |
| Front weight | 52 % |
| CG height | 520 mm |
| Front brake bias | 70 % |

## Results

| Result at the design position | Unit | Front | Rear |
|---|---|--:|--:|
| Suspension type |  | MacPherson strut | Semi-trailing arm |
| Static camber | deg | -0.50 | -1.80 |
| Static toe-in | deg | 0.10 | 0.15 |
| Caster | deg | 8.00 | – |
| Kingpin inclination | deg | 13.53 | – |
| Scrub radius | mm | -2.4 | – |
| Mechanical trail | mm | 23.9 | – |
| Roll center height | mm | 108.7 | 139.9 |
| Track | mm | 1407 | 1414 |
| Anti-dive (front) / anti-lift (rear) in braking | % | 26.7 | 109.7 |
| Anti-lift (front) / anti-squat (rear) under drive | % | 0.0 | 11.0 |
| Motion ratio, spring to wheel |  | 0.927 | 0.673 |
| Spring rate | N/mm | 25 | 55 |
| Wheel rate | N/mm | 21.5 | 24.9 |
| Ride frequency | Hz | 1.31 | 1.48 |

Roll gradient for the whole car: **4.32 deg/g**.

## Front hardpoints (left corner)

Coordinates follow [the opensus conventions](/docs/coordinates/): X forward from the front axle line, Y left from the centreline, Z up from the ground, at the loaded static position.

| Point | Name in links | X mm | Y mm | Z mm |
|---|---|--:|--:|--:|
| Lower arm, front inner | `lcaFront` | 30.0 | 320.0 | 198.0 |
| Lower arm, rear inner | `lcaRear` | -330.0 | 370.0 | 204.0 |
| Lower ball joint | `lcaOuter` | 0.0 | 665.0 | 170.0 |
| Strut top mount | `strutTop` | -97.0 | 499.0 | 860.0 |
| Strut base on upright | `strutBase` | -5.0 | 610.0 | 390.0 |
| Strut axis guide | `strutGuide` | -20.6 | 591.1 | 469.9 |
| Tie rod inner | `tieInner` | -130.0 | 290.0 | 254.0 |
| Tie rod outer | `tieOuter` | -130.0 | 640.0 | 232.0 |
| Wheel centre | `wheelCentre` | 0.0 | 701.0 | 290.0 |
| Sway bar pivot | `arbPivot` | 130.0 | 470.0 | 235.0 |
| Sway bar axis | `arbAxis` | 130.0 | 410.0 | 235.0 |
| Sway bar arm tip | `arbTip` | -60.0 | 470.0 | 235.0 |
| Drop link lower end | `arbDrop` | -60.0 | 470.0 | 180.0 |

## Rear hardpoints (left corner)

X is measured from the rear axle line.

| Point | Name in links | X mm | Y mm | Z mm |
|---|---|--:|--:|--:|
| Arm pivot, inboard | `armInner` | 270.0 | 200.0 | 300.0 |
| Arm pivot, outboard | `armOuter` | 377.0 | 600.0 | 300.0 |
| Wheel centre | `wheelCentre` | 0.0 | 698.0 | 291.0 |
| Spring at arm | `springArm` | 60.0 | 430.0 | 210.0 |
| Spring at chassis | `springChassis` | 60.0 | 430.0 | 400.0 |
| Damper at arm | `damperArm` | -70.0 | 600.0 | 235.0 |
| Damper at chassis | `damperChassis` | -40.0 | 560.0 | 590.0 |
| Sway bar pivot | `arbPivot` | -200.0 | 330.0 | 250.0 |
| Sway bar axis | `arbAxis` | -200.0 | 270.0 | 250.0 |
| Sway bar arm tip | `arbTip` | -40.0 | 330.0 | 250.0 |
| Drop link lower end | `arbDrop` | -40.0 | 450.0 | 200.0 |

These tables are generated from the example built into opensus, so they always match what the tool loads.

[Open in opensus](https://opensus.app/app/?example=sedan)

Source: https://opensus.app/docs/examples/e30/ (last updated 2026-11-07)